vsdbutil has been depreciated in favor of using the diskutil function. I would check the posix permissions, ace entries, and file flags of /private/var/db/volinfo.database.
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel - 81 Apr 12 08:44 /var/db/volinfo.database
Next, check the content of volinfo.database
20555DDA8F2D8A98: 00000001
66E20B159476D13F: 00000001
E66EFB16214A9EA2: 00000001
Note: the 00000001 means owners enabled and 00000000 means owners disabled. In my case, I have three external drives with owners enable. I have multiple usb sticks that have no entries in the volinfo.database. By default external filesystems are mounted noowners (ignore permissions) unless the volinfo.database has an entry for the device or the device has an operating system on it. Entries into the volinfo.database are made by either an interaction with the Finder’s Get Info window or with the command line.
The volinfo.database file is a plain text file and can be edited by an admin user. You could remove the file or better rename the file then let a new file generate.